1. Modularity

• Break your framework into reusable components (e.g., login, navigation, test data handling).
• Makes maintenance easier and encourages reuse.

 2. Maintainability

• Use clear naming conventions and keep the code DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
• Structure code for easy updates (e.g., page object model).

 3. Scalability

• Design the framework to support growing test suites and new platforms (web, mobile, API).
• Consider parallel execution support.

 4. Reusability

• Create generic functions that can be reused across test cases.
• Avoid hard-coding values—use config files or environment variables.

 5. Reporting & Logging

• Integrate good logging and test reporting (e.g., Allure, ExtentReports).
• Helps track test results and debug issues quickly.

 6. Test Data Management

• Use external data sources (CSV, Excel, JSON, DB) to manage test inputs.
• Enables data-driven testing.

 7. Integration Capabilities

• CI/CD tools (Jenkins, GitHub Actions)
• Test management (JIRA, TestRail)
• Version control (Git)

 8. Clean-up Strategy

• Ensure the environment is reset between tests (e.g., closing browser, resetting data).
• Prevents flaky tests and false positives.

 9. Smart Waits

• Use explicit waits or fluent waits instead of hard sleeps.
• Helps handle dynamic content and reduces flakiness.

 10. Test Strategy

• Decide what should be automated: high ROI, repetitive, and stable test cases.
• Avoid automating tests that are still volatile.